全新版大学英语综合教程

跪求全新版大学英语 综合教程第二版第三册text b翻译

一直到二十世纪六十年代以前，黑人在美国的许多领域都无法享受到与白人一样的权利，美国南方一些州的法律仍然实行各族隔离，这些法律迫使黑人上单独的学校、居住在城市某个单独的区域，就是乘坐公共汽车，也只能坐在单独的区域。1955年12月1日，在美国南部的阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市，一位42岁的黑人妇女乘坐公共汽车，当时法律要求黑人只能坐在白人让他们坐的位置上，这位妇女拒绝这么做，于是她被捕了。蒙哥马利市的这一和平不服从行为开启了黑人抗议大幕，它导致美国少数民族权利的合法转变。开启美国民权运动这一大幕的妇女就是罗莎.帕克斯。今天，我们就向你讲述她的故事。
1913年，罗莎.帕克斯出生于阿拉巴马州Tuskegee的罗莎.路易丝.麦克利家，她11岁时才在当地的学校上学，之后，她被送到蒙哥马利市上学。为了照顾她病中的奶奶，她高中时退学，随后她又照顾她的母亲。她一直到21岁时，才完成高中的学业。1932年，她与雷蒙德.帕克斯结婚，雷蒙德是一位理发师，他还是一位民权活动家。结婚后，他们共同为美国有色人种发展联合会在当地的机构工作。在1943年，帕克斯太太成为该组织的一名官员，后来又成为该组织的一名领导人。罗莎.帕克斯是蒙哥马利市的一名缝纫师，她从二十世纪三十年代一直到1955年一直做裁缝，后来，她成为无数非裔美国人追求自由的代表。
二十世纪五十年代，在美国南方的许多地区，城市公交车前几排坐位都只能由白人来坐，黑人一般坐在后面，而在中间，白人与黑人都可以坐，但当黑人坐在中间，如果白人想要坐人话，黑人就得将坐位让给白人。
罗莎.帕克斯和其他三个黑人坐在中间，此时有一个白人上了公交车，想要一个坐位。司机命令所有的黑人都离开他们的坐位，这样白人就可以不必与他们中的任何一个黑人坐在一起了。这三个黑人站了起来，但帕克斯太太拒绝了，于是她被捕了。在关于此事件的一些流传的说法中，有一个说法是，帕克斯太太之所以拒绝让坐，是因为她的脚实在是太累。但几年后她自己说，那个说法是错误的。她说，她真正感到厌倦的是接受不平等的待遇。她后来解释说，这里似乎就是她要停止那种令人摆布、追求她应有的人权的地方。
蒙哥马利的一个黑人妇女活动组织是著名的一个妇女政治理事会，这个组织正在努力反对黑人在公交车上所受到的不公平待遇。黑人由于冒犯公交司机的命令而经常被捕，甚至被杀。罗莎.帕克斯不是第一个拒绝将自己的坐位让给白人的黑人，但蒙哥马利的黑人组织认为她成为那些抗议者中的有权利的公民，因为她是该城市中最优秀的一位公民。这个妇女组织立即呼吁蒙哥马利市的所有黑人在帕克斯太太受审的那天拒绝乘坐公交车，这一天是12月5日，星期一。其结果，这一天，有四万人步行或使用其他的交通工具。那天晚上，全城举行集会，蒙哥马利市的黑人同意继续联合抵制乘坐市公交车，一直到他们所受的不平等待遇结束为止。他们还要求市政官员雇用黑人司机，而且任何人都可以坐在公交车的中间，而不必给他人让坐。
蒙哥马利市联合抵制公交车行动一直持续了381天，这一行动是由当地黑人领导人尼克松和一名年轻黑人部长马丁.路德.金领导的。类似的抗议活动在其他南方城市相继出现。最后，美国最高法院对帕克斯太太的案件作出裁决，该裁决城市公交车上实施种族隔离为非法。这一裁决于1956年11月13日作出，几乎是帕克斯太太被捕的一年之后。蒙哥马利市的联合抵制乘坐公交车的行动于该裁决到达的当天，即1956年12月20日结束。罗莎.帕克斯和马丁.路德.金在美国南方开始了非暴力抗议运动，这一非暴力抗议运动永远改变了美国的民权状况。马丁.路德.金成为该运动著名的演说家，但他没能看到他所为之努力的成果，而罗莎.帕克斯看到了。
在联合抵制乘坐公交车后，罗莎.帕克斯和她家庭的生活越来越困难，她被解雇了，而且没能找到工作，所以，帕克斯一家离开蒙哥马利，他们搬到了维吉尼亚，后来又搬到了密歇根州的底特律。帕克斯太太在1965年以前一直做裁缝。后来，密歇根州国会代表John Conyers给她提供了一份岗位――――在他位于底特律的国会办公室中工作，她从事此项工作一直到1988年退休为止。
纵观她的一生，罗莎.帕克斯一直为全国有色人种发展联合会（NAACP）工作，并参与了各种民权活动。她是一位宁静的女性，这似乎与她的名声不怎么相符。但她说，她想帮助别人，特别是想帮助年轻人，让他们自己而更好地生活，同时也帮助他人。在1987年，她成立了罗莎－雷蒙德.帕克斯自我发展协会，以帮助改善黑人儿童的生活状况。
罗莎.帕克斯由于她在民权运动的杰出贡献而获得两项国家最高荣誉。在1996年，克林顿总统授予她总统自由勋章，在1999年，她又获得了国会授予的金质勋章。
在她晚年，人们经常问罗莎.帕克斯，当民权法律在二十世纪六十年代得到通过后，种族之间的关系得到了多少改善，她认为消除种族之间的隔阂还有很长的路要走，她仍然关注美国的种族平等运动。罗莎.帕克斯于2005年10月24日逝世，享年92岁。她的遗体被安放在华盛顿的美国国会大厦，她是第一位获此荣誉的美国女性。三万多人静静地向她的遗体告别，以显示他们对她的敬仰。Conyers众议员谈到，这位女性平静的力量对美国意味着什么，他说：“在美国，只有少数几个人敢说，他们的行为改变了美国的形象，罗莎.帕克斯就是其中之一。”

全新版大学英语综合教程2 课文翻译

以下是翻译。

中国式的学习风格
霍华德•加德纳
1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中蓁教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。
我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙，可以交给服务员，也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小，你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。
本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去，边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼，不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成，因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。
我和埃伦都满不在乎，任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁，都会走过来看着本杰明，见他初试失败，便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握紧本杰明的手，直接将它引向钥匙的槽口，进行必要的重新定位，并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑，似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉，似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。
我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育 (尤其是艺术教育)的方式，揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此，不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。

两种不同的学习方式
我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。”既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的， 既然孩子还很年幼，还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作，让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢?他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢?他会高兴，他还能早些学会做这件事，进而去学做更复杂的事，如开门，或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以 (也应该)示范给他看。
我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理，解释道，首先，我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心，而且在探索，这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于，在这个过程中，我们试图让本杰明懂得，一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口也好，画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说，他就不太可能—共如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列的情境，在这些情境中，一个人必须学会独立思考，学会独立解决问题，进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。

把着手教
回想起来，当时我就清楚地意识到，这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。
那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时，他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反，他们极其熟练地、温和地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。我逐渐认识到，这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为：他们是在恪守中国传统，把着手教，教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来斗次。
学习应通过不间断的精心塑造与引导而得以实现，这一观念同样适用于艺术。我们观看了孩子们在教室里学习艺术的情景，他们的娴熟技艺令我们惊讶。年仅5、6岁的孩子就带着成人的那种技巧与自信在画花、画鱼和动物；9岁：10岁的小书法家写出的作品满可以在博物馆展示。有一次去两位小艺术家的家里参观，我们从孩子的父母处得知，他们每天练习数小时以完善他们的技艺。

创造力第一?
从对创造力的态度来说，优先次序似乎是颠倒了：西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统；而中国的年轻人则几乎离不开传统，但是，随着时间的推移，他们同样可能发展到具有创新的境界。
美国人的立场可以概括起来这么说，我们比中国人更重视创新和自立。我们两种文化的差异也可以从我们各自所怀的忧虑中显示出来。中国老师担心，如果年轻人不及早掌握技艺，就有可能一辈子掌握不了；另一方面，他们并不同样地急于促进创造力的发展。美国教育工作者则担心，除非从一开始就发展创造力，不然创造力就有可能永不再现；而另一方面，技艺可于日后获得。
但我并不想夸大其辞。无论在过去还是在当今，中国在科学、技术和艺术革新方面都展示了巨大的创造力。而西方的创新突破则有被夸大的危险。如果仔细审视任何一项创新，其对以往成就的依赖则都显而易见(“站在巨人肩膀之上”的现象)。
然而，假定我这里所说的反差是成立的，而培养技艺与创造力两者都是值得追求的目标，那么重要的问题就在于：我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?

在新概念大学英语学习大厅，课程；大学英语（全新版）综合教程第一册的答案1至8unit，现在要2unit,发到...

1.
False


2.
True

3.
False

4.
False

5.
False

6.
True

7.
True

8.
False

9.
False

10.
True


Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will listen to a passage and it will not be written out in full for you. You will hear the passage TWICE. While listening, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear. (10 points)
Many 11 in the household could lead to fire disasters, but you could 12 your home against fire by following these tips:
1. Don't plug too many appliances into one outlet. Does the 13 have a strange smell when you use it? If so, unplug it and get it repaired or 14 .
2. Never leave cooking 15 . The cooking area should be clear of things that might catch fire. If a grease fire breaks out in a pan, cover the flames with the lid. Turn off the stove, the gas supply and other 16 when cooking is done.
3. Keep matches and lighters away from children. Put these 17 out of children's reach. Teach children that matches and lighters are not toys.
4. 18 fire extinguishers. Fire extinguishers allow you to fight small fires. Regularly check your equipment to make sure it will work when needed.
5. Plan and practice escape routes. Map two ways out of every room. Practice the escape plan with your family. If windows are part of the plan, make sure they can open easily. Clear the stairs of 19 that might get in your way.
In case of fire, get everyone out of the house first. Then call the fire department. In an apartment fire, take the stairs, not the 20 . If you have to go through smoke-filled areas, crawl on your hands and knees. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth, if possible. If your clothes catch fire, drop to the ground and roll to put the flames out. Once everyone is out of the house, no one should go back in.
11.incidents

12.protect

13.device

14.replaced

15.unattended

16.appliances

17.items

18.Install

19.objects

20.elevator

Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Click on the best choice. (20 points)

I'm afraid we have to accept the fact that criminals are getting younger all the time, but unfortunately the offences they commit are becoming proportionately more serious. I only wish we didn't have to admit but, in doing so, we must first ask ourselves what's wrong with our society that our children apparently couldn't care less about law and order. The day of the sneak thief who stole a couple of apples off a barrel or nicked a packet of sweets from a chain store are virtually over. I had an occasion to say this to a young offender the other day. "Sweets from a chain store?" he said, "You must be joking. That's kid's stuff." I may add that he was aged eleven. In other words, today's young criminals would find it laughable to risk being caught for petty theft of this description. They've got enough money in their pockets to buy the sweets they want, anyway. I think we have come to the point where it's all too easy to put the blame on anyone but ourselves. Faced as they are with a society that frequently rejects them on the grounds of colour, race or low academic ability, these children turn to crime as a means of boosting their self-esteem. Nurtured on films and TV glamorizing the role of the criminal, they are quick to identify with these anti-heroes. It is a matter of increasing concern to the Police and magistrates that the Children and Young Persons Act, 1969 is becoming inadequate to deal with the rise in juvenile delinquency. Because the emphasis has been placed on the cause and treatment of their delinquency, rather than on old-fashioned methods of punishment, the children themselves are well aware that there is very little that can be done to prevent them from continuing to mug, vandalize and in some case even cause the death of those they choose to terrorise. I don't like the look of this situation any more than you do. In our own interests and in those of our children and grandchildren, we cannot continue to take the "it's nothing to do with me" attitude we have adopted for so long. We must unite in a common demand for harsher and more disciplined methods against these young offenders.
21.According to the passage, crimes committed by teenagers ___C_______.
A.are overestimated in the reports of social problems
B.turn out to be out of control
C.can be very serious if measures are not taken promptly
D.have aroused a series of violent conducts

22.In the passage, the author clearly states that ____B______.
A.we should focus our attention on the treatment of juvenile delinquency
B.young people nowadays ignore law and order
C.old-fashioned methods of punishment do not have any effect
D.children tend to have more petty thefts

23.By "Nurtured on films and TV glamorizing the role of the criminal," the author means that _____C_____.
A.films and TV programs offer a good description of offences and crimes
B.criminals on films and TV series lead a splendid life
C.children are profoundly influenced by the anti-heroes
D.The description of criminals on films and TV series is not exaggerating

24.In dealing with juvenile delinquency, the author is apparently in favor of _____A_____.
A.severe punishment once used in the past
B.showing great concern about our children
C.more patient methods in reforming young offenders
D.treating every young offender as our own child

25.It can be inferred from the passage that ____D______.
A.young criminals won't risk being caught for petty theft
B.children turn to crime as a means of boosting their self-respect
C.little has been done to prevent children from committing a crime
D.it is high time we changed our attitude toward juvenile delinquently


In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, these products are often nearly identical. One manufacturer's toothpaste tends to differ very little from another manufacturer's. Two different brands of shampoo may vary only in scent or color. This means that a shopper often has little reason to choose one brand over another. Thus, manufacturers are confronted with a problem-how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. Through advertising, each manufacturing company tries to convince consumers that its product is special. In fact, advertisements may be classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.
One type of advertisement tries to appeal to the consumer's reasoning mind. For example, it may say that dentists recommend Flash toothpaste, or it may declare that Woof dog food contains a special, vitamin-rich ingredient known as K-9. In selling a product, the truth of advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.
Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. Products that are essentially boring, such as cleaning powder or insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing manner. One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. The advertiser may draw little cartoon eyes, arms, and legs on the cans of cleaning powder and have the resulting figures scrub the sink. Ads of this sort are silly, but they also tend to be amusing. Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun.
Associating the product with something pleasant is the technique of the third type of appeal. In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires. One such desire is the wish to be admired by other people. Many automobile advertisements are in this category. They imply that other people will admire you — may even be jealous — when they see you driving the hot, new car. This kind of appeal is sometimes strengthened by hiring a famous person to endorse the product.
26.There are many kinds of shampoo in the market, and according to the author, ____B______.
A.they are completely different from one another
B.they are generally the same in essence
C.they have the similar appearance
D.they sell at different prices

27.Manufacturers take to advertising because they want to ___B_______.
A.give consumers real information about their products
B.make their products more competitive
C.cheat consumers into buying their products
D.solve the problems in sales promotion

28."A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth" (Para. 2) most probably indicates that ____C______.
A.consumers firmly believe the scientific approach
B.consumers feel doubted about the appearance of truth
C.consumers may buy the products tested in a scientific way
D.consumers understand the appearance of truth

29.In the third paragraph, a potential buyer may ____A______.
A.feel attracted by lively advertisement
B.buy the products that appear alive
C.associate products with fun
D.feel interested in cartoon pictures

30.Which of the following belongs to the third type of advertisement? D
A.To draw an amusing picture
B.To illustrate all the ingredients
C.To knock down the price
D.To employ a famous actress

Vocabulary and Structure

Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. (60 points)B.As

C.When
D.While